Developing an e-Business Strategy Essay - 1276 Words

At the core of the development of an e-business strategy for any particular organization lays several issues that need to be spotted on by any person who intends to successfully develop either a B2C e-business model or a B2B e-business model. Due to the rapid development of technology and globalization in the 21st century, e-business has suddenly become an important means of conducting business transactions given the big difference in both businesses and consumers’ way of living prior and during the advent of technology. According to (Wickramasinghe, 2007) since the various e-business models were tested to deliver outstanding and beneficial results in any organization, big or small, many organizations has strived to develop value-driven†¦show more content†¦Consider for example a businessman who intends to pursue a particular opportunity for his firm. His plan was to provide a highly-integrated set of services in all wireless networks in specified locations within the United States. Initially, upon looking at the firm’s business model for this specific project, the model seems to be perfect and is consistent with the core goals and logic for coming up with such a plan (Shafer et al., 2005). When asked however of his plans in addressing the possible incompatibilities in terms of the standards among wireless networks, the businessman merely stated his assumption that everything will flow smoothly as planned. On the other hand, thee truth is that there is a huge possibility that his business model will not work a hundred percent as planned due to discrepancies and incompatibility issues in wireless networks (Shafer et al., 2005). The point in giving this example is that any businessman who intends to use a business model must not expect that the model itself will work by itself and that certain issues and disadvantages will not be encountered especially in the process of building or developing an e-business strategy. Among the main issues that a businessman is most likely to experience in developing an e-business strategy for either a B2C e-business model or a B2B e-business model is the majorShow MoreRelatedImpact Of E Commerce On Global Economy1352 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of E-Commerce on Global Economy It is exciting area especially E-Commerce. The advancement in World Wide Web, computers and mobile wireless communication technologies are transforming the way business is conducted. The success stories of Amazon, eBay are few examples. New technologies have provided the required platform for innovation, growth, shopping convenience, and price advantage due to the boundary less competition. Business leaders across the industry are developing new strategies to adoptRead MoreSkills, Logistical Infrastructure, And Production1107 Words   |  5 PagesSMEs lack in time and skills to implement application to conduct electronic business. Suppliers, employers and customers need to be trained and educated for which many small businesses lack in time and financial capabilities. Dramatic increase in business can also be a threat to SME who cannot satisfy new customer demands. Face-to-face business between suppliers and customers is considered as the strong way of doing business by means of trust so became a barrier for adoption. On the other hand, mostRead MoreMarketing a Hypothetical E-Business: A Discussion About the Strategic Components of the Marketing Strategy885 Words   |  4 Pagestransition is occurring more and more as the business world deals with the challenges of acquiring consumers attention. The new digital landscape that has evolved with the technology that drive s it needs to be understood by those in charge of marketing strategies for business firms. The purpose of this essay is to describe how I will market a hypothetical e-business and discuss the strategic components contained within this marketing strategy. This strategy will incorporate the use of different mediaRead More7-E Japan Business Strategy is the Definition of Success825 Words   |  3 PagesBusiness Strategy definition as success factor: 7-E Japan (7EJ) designed a business strategy focused on Japanese customer’s behaviors for household goods requirements. The responsiveness level, transparency and agility of 7EJ SC was based on a business model strategy which designed storages location, inventory levels and transportation strategy supported by technology (Chopra Meindl, 2007). Companies should design business strategy for success on SC implementation (Chopra Meindl, 2007; SethiRead MoreThe Challenges of E-Commerce1403 Words   |  6 PagesThe Challenges of E-Commerce MKT552 The Challenges of E-Commerce Today’s business managers face many challenges when migrating a traditional ‘brick and mortar’ company to that which is now known as the evolutionary ‘click and mortar’ business model – that is, a business that operates in the Internet market space. To stand boldly in the face of challenges presented by the networked economy, firms must develop competencies that enable not only high performance market interactivity and adaptiveRead MoreEssay E-Business1680 Words   |  7 PagesE-Business 1- Abstract 2- About E-Business 3- Advantages and Disadvantages 4- The impact if e-business on a typical business 5- What a company must do to transform its strategy when it decides to transform into e-business 6- Conclusion 7- References Abstract There is a misconception that e-Business simply means buying and selling products and services over the Internet. The broader view of e-Business focuses on the key processes that directly enhance revenue Ââ€" namely, customer acquisitionRead MoreE-Commerce Strategies for Airasia1576 Words   |  7 PagesAIR ASIA E-COMMERCE STRATEGIES Low cost per average seat kilometer AirAsia focused on ensuring a competitive cost structure as its main business strategy. It has been able to achieve a cost per average seat kilometer (ASK) of 2.5 cents, half that of Malaysia Airlines and Ryanair and a third that of EasyJet. AirAsia can lease the B737-300s aircraft at a very competitive market rates due to the harsh global market conditions for the second-hand aircrafts because of the September 11th event in 2001Read MoreCourse schedule IST7100 1 1 1589 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿WILMINGTON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS FACULTY MEMBER: Karen Watson TERM: Summer Block 1 COURSE TITLE: IT Policy Strategy COURSE NUMBER: IST.7100 TEXTBOOK: TITLE: IT Policy and Strategy AUTHOR: Pearson Custom Library ISBN: 978-1-269-12350-1 If you would like more precise information regarding the textbook(s) for this class, please visit the bookstore website at http://www.wilmcoll.edu/bookstore METHOD OF CONTACT:Read MoreSwot Analysis Of Amazon1025 Words   |  5 PagesAmazon is a Fortune 500 e-commerce company based in Seattle, Washington, the company being one of the first largest to sell goods over the internet. In 1994, Jeff Bezos launched Amazon, the next year the business took off. Amazon originally started out as an online bookstore quickly diversifying its self by adding music, DVD’s, video games and clothing. These days’ amazon sells everything you can think of, including groceries and delivers right to your door. Amazon considers itself a customer centeredRead MoreBusiness Is Developing For Competitive Advantage1210 Words   |  5 Pagesanswer the question â€Å"How e-business is developing for competitive advantage to provide profit maximization to DELL’s online business? To answer this question the research will review the initial period of Dell’s business and the effectiveness of those strategies and models. Then the market situat ion and business competitiveness and challenges faced in lieu of those situations will be quickly analysed to understand Dell’s management decision of creating Dell’s online business. Finally, the research

The Teaching of Jesus Essay - 1183 Words

Will the teachings of Jesus Christ be able to survive the 3rd millennium? Jesus emphasized the actions and teachings of God by using his life as an example of Gods ways. He was an exact representation of God which made him God as well. Jesus referred to the history of God in his teachings. He used the basis of Gods teachings that God demonstrated through Adam, Abraham and David. There were approximately 4000 years between the start of man up to the time of Christs birth. Then for the last 2000 years after Christ, the church has risen steadily. So, in total, that is 6000 years of Jesus teachings or the basis of his teachings, which have become more popular now then when they first started out at the beginning 6000 years ago. So my†¦show more content†¦Look at Mother Teresa as another example of someone who was inspired by the teachings of Jesus. She has even gone so far as to impact the whole world and leave a lasting impression of the love Jesus has for us through her actions. Secondly, as we enter into the next millennium, every human is searching for love, acceptance, and security, which are, the three major needs of the human soul. Now imagine for a second what it would be like if all the bad things that are predicted about our future were to come true. Just imagine if all the computers really did crash or even if the world really did end. Well, we dont have to fear about these things because, like I said, we are all searching for love, acceptance, and security and we can find all of these needs through Jesus and his teachings. Mark 3:34-35 is a great example of how accepting Jesus is. quot;Then he looked at those around him and said, quot;these are my mother and brothers. Anyone who does Gods will id my brother and sister and mother.quot; This is simply saying that Jesus accepts everybody as his family as long as they believe in God. Jesus wants us all to feel secure. Psalm 46:1-5 is an excellent verse showing why we can feel secure with the basis of Jesus teachings: quot;God is our refuge and strength, always ready to help in times of trouble. So we will not fear, even if earthquakes come and the mountains crumble into to sea. Let the oceans roar andShow MoreRelatedJesus Point Of The Teaching906 Words   |  4 PagesIn Matthew 5:43-48 what was Jesus point in the teaching? Jesus, I feel had a few things that he wanted to express and teach to us. This begin with Jesus saying he heard it been said â€Å"Thou shalt love thy neighbor; and hate thine enemy†. His teaching here was to express why not love your enemies, even bless them to do god despite how they feel towards you. His teaching then goes to even the one who speak evil of you in response we still should speak kindly of them. Loving our enemies will also causeRead MoreQuestions On Teaching Of Jesus Essay957 Words   |  4 Pages250 words. 1. Select one teaching of Jesus from one of the following Bible verses (underline passage): Matthew 5:21-24, Matthew 5:43-48, Matthew 6:19-24, Matthew 7:15-23, Luke 15:1-32, John 13:1-17, 34-35, John 15:1-11. Answer the following questions: a. What was Jesus’ point in the teaching? Jesus deeply loved his disciples. They were his closest friends and he spent a great deal of time with them. This act of washing feet was symbolic. It was an act of love. Jesus deeply loved his disciplesRead MoreLife and Teachings of Jesus1527 Words   |  7 PagesI believe that Jesus Christ died on the cross for my sins, so that I would be able to live with Him for eternity. Jesus, for me, is the most important and I couldnt go through life without Him by my side. Jesus is the answer to all the problems and issues of this world. A lot of the time Jesus is either disrespected or taken for granted. Most people dont realize how our past, present, and future are affected by Him. Jesus is monumental in history through His life, teachings, and character.Read MoreThe Bible And The Teachings Of Jesus1491 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is suggested in the Bible and the teachings of Jesus? Whilst the bible does not specifically mention euthanasia, it does address closely related topics. Euthanasia is essentially killing out of mercy, hence the name ‘mercy killing’. The bible tells us that we are not to murder (Exodus 20:13) and any form of taking a life is seen as killing. It says that we die when God chooses us to, and to murder is an attempt to deny God his right of appointing death. Therefore, ‘mercy killing’ is going againstRead MoreThe Ethical Teachings of Jesus7860 Words   |  32 PagesThe Ethical Teachings of Jesus. IT is a notable characteristic of Christianity that the ethical teachings of its Founder are inseparably connected with his religious teachings. Thou shall love thy neighbor as thyself is not given by him as a separate and detached precept, but as one of two. Thou shall love the Lord thy God with all thy heart; and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the great and first commandment. And a second like unto it is this, thou shall love thy neighbor asRead MoreJesus’ Ethical Teachings Essay865 Words   |  4 Pagesall these vital organs lie our bones, which frame our bodies and enable us to move forward correctly. And like Jesus, the importance of our bones is often forgotten. Jesus is the model of 21st century Christian life by providing a frame that enables society to move forward in a morally correct manner. This frame is what is known as Jesus’ ethical teachings. One example of Jesus’ teachings is found in Matthew 7:13-14. â€Å"Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the road thatRead MoreThe Teaching of Jesus: The Lost Sheep1198 Words   |  5 Pagesthat our God loves us equally. To Jesus, it did not matter if you were a traitor, a thief, or a tax collector; let me tell you about Matthew. Matthew was born in the 1st century Galilean; he was born in Galilee during the Roman occupation that began in 63 BC, Matthew was said to be a tax collector; he collected the taxes from the citizens for Herod Antipas. While Jesus was walking through the area in which Matthew was collecting the taxes from the Hebrews, Jesus approached him and asked him to comeRead MoreJesus Teaching on Satan and the Demons3775 Words   |  16 Pagesmisconstrued ideas about Satan and his demons that are not in line with Jesus teachings in Scripture. Today the world sees Satan in an almost comical way, if they believe in him at all. There is such a lack of belief in anything spiritually supernatural that the idea of demons is less acceptable to todays society than the idea of ghosts. In Jesus time, this was not the case; people were well aware of Satan and his activities. Jesus often had to deal with things of this nature, and addressed the matterRead MoreWhat Was Jesus Point Of The Teaching?846 Words   |  4 Pagesa. What was Jesus’ point in the teaching? In this teaching, Jesus was saying that we treat one another with love and compassion as he have loved us as much as laying his life for our sake, in order for us to join him in the kingdom of God. He said that we should speak well even to those who curse and despitefully use us and abuse us because, our reward for such time is in heaven and it is God who will revenge about these things for us. He said that we should love our enemy also not only our friendsRead MoreComparing The Teachings Of Jesus With Those Of Paul1189 Words   |  5 Pages1. Compare the teachings of Jesus with those of Paul. Why do you think some people consider Paul the second founder (or even the true founder) of Christianity? The gospel describes Jesus as a great teacher who astounded the crowds who gathered to hear him. Though he engaged in debates with Pharisees and Sadducees, he took great interest in ordinary people. He often taught them in parables, stories that used vivid images from everyday life to illustrate spiritual truths (Invitation to World Religions

Diversity in Workplace Fundamental Factor

Question: Discuss about the Diversity in Workplace forFundamental Factor. Answer: Cultural diversity is considered as an asset and a fundamental factor responsible for better performance of any organization. The Diversity Policy of Department of Veteran Affairs (DVA) signifies a commitment to entrench the principles related to cultural diversity into its workplace. Now, suppose previously, racism and bullying issues have been reported regarding cultural and social diversity, which called for a training to be conducted in the workplace (Azmat, Fujimoto Rentschler, 2015). A procedural document has been prepared for the staffs in reference to the Diversity Policy of DVA explaining the significance and benefits of productive diversity in an organization. Principles The Diversity policy of workplace follows the principles of equal employment opportunity by recognizing the diverse background and perspectives of the employees working in the organization. The implementation of these principles shall develop a motivated workforce that would enhance the performance of the organization (Barak, 2016). Importance and Benefits of Diversity in Workplace An organization may succeed even when its employees belong to diverse cultural backgrounds if they accept and respect each others diverse culture and work together for the betterment of the organization. The advantages and the significance of accepting diversity in the workplace are enumerated as below: Enhanced creativeness- when people belonging to diverse background work together with a common objective, it would only enhance the creativity and things will only get better. Increased adaptation- employees belonging to diverse culture may provide different ideas, which would enable the organization to adapt to the fluctuating markets and the ever-changing demands of the customers. Increased production- when diverse workforce come together and works for a common goal, it leads to an increase in the production of the organization. Meeting customer needs- a diverse workforce can exchange their idea and perspectives, which, if effectively exploited, it would enable the organization to deal with the business issues more effectively and satisfy the needs of the customers on a global basis promptly and with efficacy. Compliance with the Anti-Discrimination Laws in the Workplace The policy mandates compliance with the following legislations relating to the workplace diversity: Disability Discrimination Act 1992 Racial Discrimination Act 1975 Sex Discrimination Act 1984 Work Health and Safety Act 2011 A Discriminatory act not only affects employment but also affects the performance of a organization. The employers must be prohibited from discriminating against any employees and any report of discriminatory conduct must be dealt with promptly. The employers and the employees are under legal obligation to maintain a friendly work environment that is free from any form of discrimination or inequality (D'Netto et al., 2014). Issues Arising from Diverse Culture The most common issue related to diverse culture is miscommunication. This may affect the clients perspective and in turn, may affect the performance of the organization. Another issue is regarding the different approaches or perspectives of the employees belonging to different cultural background. Resolving the Diversity Issues In order to resolve the issues, the employers must make necessary efforts to resolve it sensitively and impartially considering the different cultural backgrounds (Peretz, Levi Fried, 2015). The organization may face diversity related issues such as miscommunication. Under such circumstances, the management must encourage interaction between the employees having miscommunication and make an effort to resolve it impartially. Recruitment While recruiting employees from diverse background, the organization must include indigenous employees, jobs must be easily accessible to the employees with disability. It must strive improve opportunities for the employees by developing their working skills. Reference List Azmat, F., Fujimoto, Y., Rentschler, R. (2015). Exploring cultural inclusion: Perspectives from a community arts organisation.Australian Journal of Management,40(2), 375-396. Barak, M. E. M. (2016).Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. D'Netto, B., Shen, J., Chelliah, J., Monga, M. (2014). Human resource diversity management practices in the Australian manufacturing sector.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(9), 1243-1266. Peretz, H., Levi, A., Fried, Y. (2015). Organizational diversity programs across cultures: effects on absenteeism, turnover, performance and innovation.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,26(6), 875-903.

My Greatest Hope free essay sample

I look in the mirror daily, but one January night I saw myself clearly for the first time. The image reflecting back at me was reality. The bones that protruded from my tiny frame did not bring me comfort as they had in the past. I was a skeleton with no fat or muscle to cushion my weak body. My chicken legs with bulging knees somehow held me up. My eyes, sunken deep within my cheekbones, had dark, black circles surrounding them. Two intense eyes, the windows to my soul, peered at me so dark, so scared, so lost. I stood in front of that mirror, still and silent at the knowledge of what I had become crashed down upon me. I was anorexic and could no longer hide behind my painful denial. Conquering the horrible fear I experienced that night later became my greatest hope. Growing up as a perfectionist with a learning disability made me at times feel inadequate. We will write a custom essay sample on My Greatest Hope or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I developed anorexia my freshman year. Suddenly I had found something I could control: losing weight. Not only did I lose weight, but I also lost my spirit and passion for life. Looking at myself honestly in the mirror, I discovered I was not the person I had meant, or wanted, to be. Facing my anorexia was the easy part. The journey to self-realization was the true struggle. The constant battle with insecurity and negative thoughts held me prisoner in a jail I had built. Endless nights of feeling confused led to days of fighting to release the person I knew was held captive within. If I had written this essay two years ago, I would undoubtedly have chosen to write about my greatest fear. Today I can write about how my fears have been transformed into hopes through this experience. Although my grades during that time dont reflect my ability, I received a different kind of education. I gained self-knowledge and hope for my future. I learned what it is like to have pain. I learned what it is like to feel helpless, paralyzed and alone. I also learned about healing and inner peace. I not only know what it is like to struggle, but I also know what it is like to conquer. These lessons cannot be learned in books. As a result of my experiences, I found a calling in a career in counseling or psychotherapy. I believe that my firsthand experiences will enable me to comfort and guide those who are struggling as I was. In the healing process, I have rediscovered my passion. I truly believe that I am ready for the challenges that lie ahead both as a student, and in life as a whole.

How Leaders Create and Use Networks

This article mainly focuses on how leaders create and use networks in their work place for their success in discharging their duties, a skill that non leaders do not posses. This article was written by Herminia Ibara and Mark hunter.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on How Leaders Create and Use Networks specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ibara is a professor of leadership and learning at the University of Insead, Fontainebleau, France and the director of the faculty of leadership initiative, an executive program for managers moving into broader leadership at Insead. She has also written numerous books. Hunter is an investigative journalist and a professor of communications at Insead and has written different books (Ibara and Hunter 108). The authors while examining the networks which are the personal connections that will provide support, information and resources, found that they are the most challenging for manage rs who are transitioning into new leadership roles. When managers move up the ranks, they will be addressing issues that will impact the whole organization and not only their areas of specialization, these new roles require relational tactics, which involves exchange and interaction with the current and potential stakeholders. All these contacts are particularly critical to the new roles of the leader. The authors identified three different types of networks which are interdependent on each other. They are operational networks, personal networks and strategic networks. Personal networks will help to improve personal development of the manager. These based on the relationships forged with the immediate superiors, juniors, the peers and outsiders like suppliers and customers who have the potential of supporting or blocking the project. Personal networks are for the purposes of coordinating and cooperation between individuals who know one another when they are accomplishing any task. T his form of networking comes almost naturally to most managers (Ibara and Hunter 107). Operational networks will assist the managers on present internal responsibilities so that they can perform their duties well. These are relationships built outside the inner circles and are established through professional associations, clubs and other interest groups that will serve to advance careers while giving new insights and perspectives. Operational networks serve as an important tool for personal development and can be a convenient point to establish the next network of relationship.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Operational networks are made of flexible connections between people who share or have something in common and are vital for referrals and getting daily tasks done. Strategic networks will help the individual in seeing the new directions of the business, and the stak eholders because this is the inflection point where the manager moves from the functional responsibilities into being a business leader. The concerns at this juncture are the broad business strategic issues. The relationships established here will be the foundation of information that will enable the leader to achieve both personal and organizational goals. Strategic networks are the most underutilized among the three networking types, yet it is the most important for the success of a manager moving to undertake new responsibilities (Ibara and Hunter 109). The authors have been studying networking strategies and social networks used by managers for over 20 years and their findings are, the useful and meaningful networks do not happen instantly, but needs time, and all three have to be used to ensure success and not just one or two. They studied 30 managers for a period of two years who were transitioning into positions of leadership in the organization, and their findings were that those who employed all the three types of networking were successful while those who did not end up failing (Ibara and Hunter 106). These findings support the principles of reciprocity that are common in leadership management to influence followers of a leader. People find they are obligated to support anybody they are closely associated or share something in common. These networks are based on interpersonal trust because when a person trust another, they are likely to offer support and, therefore, ensuring the success in the transition process. The findings also support the principle of six degrees of separation which simply says there are at least six people connections between one person and another in the world (Ibara and Hunter 108). On the other hand, over reliance on networks could lead to other problems because not everybody is reliable to give the required and appropriate support and may give some misleading information. Besides, operational networks would address the assig ned objectives and not the overall strategic objectives of the organization. Personal networks are easy to establish and almost comes naturally, but the strategic networks are difficult to establish especially if it involves the superiors in the organization. There is no step by step formula to be followed in order to establish these networks, but they are intuitive based on general guidelines and would largely depend on individuals and situations. This means that they can be extremely hard for some individuals while it may be easy for others (Ibara and Hunter 106).Advertising We will write a custom article sample on How Leaders Create and Use Networks specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Finally, this article contains valuable information particularly to any aspiring manager who wants to climb the career ladder by leverage the concept of networks in pursuit of their careers while making solid contributions in their organization. Thi s is because the findings were observable facts on managers working in different organizations and are supported by sound principles of management (Ibara and Hunter 112). Works Cited Ibara, Herminia and Hunter, Mark. How Leaders Create and Use Networks. Jan. 2007.  Harvard Business Review. Web. https://hbr.org/ This article on How Leaders Create and Use Networks was written and submitted by user Evie Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

August 2007 Most Popular Posts

August 2007 Most Popular Posts August 2007 Most Popular Posts August 2007 Most Popular Posts By Sharon Write First, Edit Later: Well, it is important to write correctly. It makes your communication clearer, and your reputation brighter. But it’s usually better to say what you mean poorly than to say nothing. Passive vs. Active Voice: English teachers like myself love to warn new writers against the evils of passive voice. Here at Daily Writing Tips, Michael has written about passive writing, and I recently wrote about dummy subjects, but it looks like there’s still some confusion about passive voice and its use. â€Å"Could Care Less† versus â€Å"Couldn’t Care Less†: The Oxford dictionary already recognizes â€Å"could care less† as an American colloquialism. Many people, however, regard it as incorrect since it makes no logical sense (if you â€Å"could care less† it means that you care at least a bit). What do you think about it? Have your say in our Poll! Five Spelling Rules for â€Å"Silent Final E†: In an earlier stage of the language, many of these final e’s were pronounced. Now, however, unless the word is a foreign borrowing, the final e is silent. Needed: New Singular Possessive Adjective Combining â€Å"his† and â€Å"her†: I told him that the answer was c) his, but, to my astonishment, the answer key gave b) his or her as the correct answer. That’s when I discovered that I was behind the times when it came to the concept of oppressive gendered language. Punctuation Errors: Quotation Marks for Emphasis: Last month, Daniel covered some of the basic rules for using quotation marks. I’d like to point out one of the most common misuses of this piece of punctuation: the quotation mark for emphasis. Misspelled Numbers, Months, and Days: Yes, these are elementary spelling words, but cruise the web and you will see them misspelled all over the place. The Truth About â€Å"It’s†: As well as I know the rule, as many times as I have corrected the error in the manuscripts of others, the occasional it’s for its creeps into my own writing and must be caught in the final revision. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:Email EtiquetteArtist vs. Artisan

Interview a Manager Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interview a Manager - Coursework Example He has a degree in economics. He followed it up with a Masters in Business Administration from Harvard Business School. 1. What is the biggest challenge in recruitment and what is your role in the process? How would you modify that role if you could? A: The selection of a candidate with a good blend of technical and interpersonal skills is the biggest challenge. Often, we have people who are very talented but who are not great team players. My role is to facilitate processes that enable the right candidate is selected. I do this by ensuring that the interviewing panel always has people from different functions such as Production, sales, Human Resource etc. Given a chance, I would ask for a third party Human Resource agency to screen out candidates who do not fit into a certain aptitude and attitude profile. This would considerably reduce the load on us. Besides, psychometric and aptitude testing services have matured over the years and their success rates are consistently good. 2. Do you consciously think about how you motivate your employees? What role does positive and negative reinforcement have in your attempts to motivate employees? A: Well, that is a challenge that I face every day. I take care to see that new employees are often taken through an elaborate induction process so that they feel part of the community. For existing employees, I plan and execute specific workshops that blend fun and learning. Additionally, we encourage weekend parties where there is interaction with a larger group of people. Positive reinforcement works better. When there are rewards that accompany good performances, employees are motivated to work better. This can be in the way of non-monetary benefits too. Sanctions and reprimands, punitive measures turn out to be counter-productive at times. We notice a negative reaction to such measures. Throughout our company, we make it a point to emphasize positive reinforcement methods as a way to motivate people. 3. How do you encourag e employees to accept and embrace changes in the work environment such as new software, policies, or procedures? A: We make it a point to keep job rotation options open. Veterans in sales have taken up roles in finance and vice-versa. Agreed, such people are few in number, yet we ensure that such options are open. They help people embrace change quickly. Whenever we have ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) upgrades or other such organization wide developments, we train all the employees through a structured program. Earlier, in the course of an acquisition, the radical change caused a lot of stress. We managed it with heightened levels of re-orientation, induction and familiarization programs. By the end of the actual acquisition process, employees had oriented themselves fully to the new management and policies. 4. Does your organization provide any on-going professional development activities for managers such as financial support for conferences or seminars, tuition-reimbursement, etc? How important is that in your own career development? What would you like your company to offer that it currently does not? A: Yes, our organization stresses the need for continuous knowledge development. As part of this policy, we have structured programs in place. We partially finance employees who undertake higher education degrees in business management when they are conducted

My relationship with food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My relationship with food - Essay Example I could say Italians are real food-lovers and so they raise their own crops, choosing the ones which are most important in their cooking. Early in my life, I have learned to indulge in home-grown foods. The words, â€Å"Home-grown vegetables are the most delicious in the world†, have become a cliche for me because they were my grandmother’s daily verse. As a result, I have grown to consider home-grown vegetables as the very heart of every meal. I do not consider eating as a lively activity when there is no green thing on the table. Without the colorful vegetables that make the poultry attractive, the blood in my home-grown relationship with food is quite drained. I guess I could say that my romance with food is like tomatoes. It is very attractive. With the red color, it expresses its passion for me as much as I do for it. It is as juicy as my early romance with food in my hometown in Italy. For the first seven years in my life, I have smelled and appreciated food even before I knew anything about it. It did not simply sustain me to live and be healthy. Rather, food gave meaning to my life. I could say that just like the tomatoes, my first seven years of romance with food has been the juicy stuff. I remember my grandmother excitedly gathering her homegrown vegetables and gleefully bring them to the kitchen for our consumption. I can see the males preparing the meat to mate with the vegetables to eventually give birth to a delectable victual. Then, the whole family sit together to eat, giving the children the priority to indulge first with the food before the grown-ups pick on our morsels. The whole family was engaged in the preparation and consumption of the food and I think that is what makes my love affair with food quite juicy. It has been a homegrown relationship, strengthened by the people around me and, which was nurtured into a love that is to make my life more colorful and meaningful. When my family moved to California, my homegrown romanc e did not die. Although we did not grow our own vegetables, mother always made sure that we still have the lingering taste of grandmother’s homegrown vegetables. Local fresh foods were always made available for us. My mother always made it a point that we prepare our food and that we all eat together at home because she knew that going out to eat in restaurants, especially fast food restaurants, would spoil our love affair with healthy food. I see this time in my life as a carrot. It still looks attractive and healthy although the chewing gets a little difficult. This period brought us challenges that eventually affected me. My mother really had to work hard to keep our kitchen a place where we could still indulge with food and see each other. With the demands of a busy American lifestyle and the inability to grow our own vegetables, preparing food has been quite a feat. Nevertheless, my mother did not give up rather she kept my romance with food aflame by teaching me how to cook even though we had to get by with vegetables from the fresh market which are locally produced. When organic vegetables became popular, I could say that my relationship with food became more interesting. I did not have to worry about the source of the food that I eat rather I was confident and felt like I was with my grandmother once again. I could perhaps describe this time in my life as the onion in my food romance. Onions are pungent and

Will the Starbucks maintain its market leadership over Mc Cafe Essay

Will the Starbucks maintain its market leadership over Mc Cafe - Essay Example Now the primary question which is raised here is; â€Å"Who is the leader and will be in future as well?† Another well established and well reputed brand is Mc Cafe which is the creation of repute firm McDonalds. Following is an extensive analysis to deduce which of the two firms will remain the undisputed giant in the years to come. History of Starbucks In the time when world around us is extremely fast paced and competition in the market has squeezed every firm in the industry and where only survival of the fittest is possible, a giant market leader in the coffeehouse industry pops up in head, Starbucks Corporation. Starbucks was founded by three partners Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker in 1971 in Seattle, Washington. Starbucks is by far the largest coffeehouse company in the world and it is still expanding at a rapid pace (Spanogle et. al. 2007). Starbucks went international in1990 for the first time when they inaugurated a store in mid 1990s the time during whic h the firm was opening a new store every single day and this speed of expansion that carried on into 2000s and now approximately around one third outlets of Starbucks corporation are overseas. Starbucks had expanded up to one sixty five outlets in 1992 at the time of its initial public offering (Abrams, 2003). Over view of Starbucks: Starbucks sells a wide range of coffee and other beverage products in order to provide a delightful experience to its customers. Its products mainly include  drip brewed coffee,  espresso -based hot drinks and coffee beans. Starbucks has restricted itself to coffee products but it also produces salads, hot and cold sandwiches, Panini, pastries and snacks which provide the consumers with what the company calls a â€Å"distinctive Starbucks experience†. The success and growth of Starbucks Corporation can be attributed to a person who saw the potential and opportunity in the product when no one else did: Howard Schultz. This aspiring entrepreneu r was appointed as the marketing head in 1982 and upon his return to United States from Italy, he realized the opportunity that could materialize into the repute that Starbucks today has. The following words are attributed to him: â€Å"Lets create a community gathering places like the great coffee house of the Italy in United States†. Although his idea was not highly appreciated by the top management at Starbucks, nonetheless they did allow him to experiment this new idea at one of their retail stores (ABA, 1997). Moreover, the new idea proved to be a huge success and that’s when Schultz started another company with the name of ll giornale. In 1987, Schultz convinced a group of local investors to buy Starbucks when its original owners decided to sell their coffee business along with the name. Schultz incorporated Gionrale outlets with Starbucks and finally started with the conversion of six shops into graceful and

Bhoodan Movement Essay

Bhoodan Movement Essay Vinoba Bhave was one of the great spiritual leaders reformers of modern India,who was loved by countless indians. Born in 1895, at the tender age of ten, Vinoba took a vow life-long celibacy selfless service. and then he met Gandhi and joined him in his struggle for freedom. As Vinoba himself put it: I experienced with Gandhi the peace of the Himalayas the revolutionary spirit. Peaceful revolution, revolutionary peace, the two streams united in Gandhi in a way that was altogether new. Gandhi also wrote to Vinobas father, At a tender age, Vinoba has acquired a degree of spirituality ascetism that took me years of patient labour. In 1940 Gandhi chose Vinoba to be the first Satyagrahi, to offer non-violent resistance to the British regime. Vinoba respected other religions also and studied them. Vinobas life shows the harmony of a great man, and his commitment to non-violence, and power of love. After independence of india when gandhis idea started to fade from peoples memory, vinoba started his bhoodan movement. And in a period of twenty years, he travelled all across india by foot. Persuading landlords to give their land to poor people and he successfully distributed four million of land among poor people. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE BHOODAN-GRAMDAN MOVEMENT The Bhoodan Movement or Land Gift Movement was initiated and inspired by Vinoba Bhave 1951. It was a land reform movement. And it helped in bringing Vinoba to the limelight. In 1951,the Third Annual Sarvodaya Conference was held at Shivarampali, a village a few miles south of the city of Hyderabad in South India. Vinoba left to attend the meeting and walked three hundred miles to Hyderabad. At that time there was communist rebellion in telangana. This army had tried to break the land monopoly of the rich landlords by driving them out or killing them and distributing their land.Vinoba thought that in future there was a contest between principles of Gandhi and marx. In Hyderabad vinobas and other gandhians got their faith in non violence tested. On April 11th 1951, the final day of conference,Vinoba said that he would tour the areas where communism was at peak in telangana. On April 18th 1951, was the day when Bhoodan movement started, when Vinoba entered Nalgonda district, where communist were in force. there he was confronted by local landless people and they gave him a warm reception. Vinoba visited harijans colony and later in day harijans came to ask him for eighty acres of land. Then Vinoba suggested that of government is not giving land then possibly villagers can help each other. And then Vedre Ramachandra Reddy Bhoodhan, the local landlord promised to give hundred acres of land. This incident which was neither planned nor imagined was the very outset of the Bhoodan movement and it made Vinoba bhave think that this method can be used to solve the biggest root of poverty in india that is land less people. The root of land monopoly, he reasoned, is greed. If greed can be removed from peoples mind,it would lead to end of the exploitation of poor people. As he later put it, We do not aim at doing mere acts of kindness, but at creating a Kingdom of K indness. This movement later on went to become more radical program and turned into village gift or Gramdan movement. This movement was a part of a comprehensive movement which led to the establishment of a Sarvodaya Society, both in India outside India. In the United States, major articles on Vinoba appeared in the New York Times, the New Yorker-Vinoba even appeared on the cover of Time. Some argue that the land given as a gift is often poor quality, barren, rocky and uncultivable. But its said that no land can be called useless. He used to say that more than the quality of the land,it should be seen that there is willingness among people to give their property for a social cause.and that is the seeds of a mighty revolution. And the poor quality land could be utilized for pastures, afforestation, the rehabilitation of displaced people. The movement had its ups and downs. Vinoba went on to demand fifty million acres of land from whole of india for the landless people by 1957. And hence a movement which was personal became a mass movement. But its downfall started in 1971 and it collapsed under its own weight. And the land gift movement got changed into village gift or gramdan. In gramdan major part of village was donated by majority of villagers in favour of distribution of land equally among all villages families. Meanwhile the land gift was still there but it was neglected. The main reason for the decline was the fact that it was not popular in non -tribal areas. There were other programs also such as Sampattidan (Wealth-gift), Shramdan(Labour-gift), Jeevandan ( Life-long commitment to the movement by co-workers), Sadhandan (gift for agricultural operations).There were questions as to why the sampattidan, for example, was not launched at the same time as the bhoodan. As the Landless people receiving land due to bhoodan cant work on it unless they have the required materials. But acharya ji said he knew it from the beginning, but he chose to follow the formula which says attend yet to the root and all else will grow automatically. As everyone knows that fundamental problem is land. The movement not only brought land to landless people but it also helped in igniting interest of people in gandhian philosophy as educated people were overlooking those ideas if not considering irrelevant. Many people got moved by this movement among the prominent were Jayaprakash Narayan, a renowned Marxist, and a Socialist. He was a big leader in politics before and even after indias independence. He came close to the movement and realized that it was a very good idea which had its basis on gandhian philosophyand he devoted his life for sarvodaya society. The movement was attracting not only attention from indian people but also from foreigner. Louis Fischer, the famous American said: Gramdan is the most creative thought coming from the East in recent times. Hallam Tennyson, the grandson of the English poet, Alfred Tennyson, wrote a book, The Saint on the march in which he shared his experiences as he travelled with vinoba bhave in rural india. And American ambassador to India Chester Bowles, said in his book, The dimensions of peace: We experienced in 1955, the Bhoodan Movement it is giving the message of Renaissance in India. It offers a revolutionary alternative to communism, as it is founded on human dignity. The British Industrialist, Earnest Barder was so much impressed by the Bhoodan movement that he implemented the Gandhian concept and alloted 90% share of his company to his industrial workers. Arthur Koestler, in 1959 wrote in London Observer, that the Bhoodan Movement was presenting itself as a substitute to the Nehruvian model of Western development. To conclude it can be said that even after having its limitations bhoodan movement was a splendid attempt for soving land problems thorough means of gandhian philosophy. And it helped in construction if socio-economic-political order of relevance and significance.

Improving homeland security: challenges and improvement Essay

The United States of America had its share of enemies since it was considered as the new military superpower. But with regards to intelligence work and the ability to thwart an attack by an external army nothing was as dramatic as the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941. It was a painful lesson in intelligence failure and past presidents vowed it will never happen again. But when 9/11 shook the nation, with an attack closer to home, many are wondering who dropped the ball in terms of intelligence work. This paper will look at the major challenges faced by the US intelligence community and the subsequent changes and transformation initiated by government officials to bring upon a marked improvement when it comes to information gathering and preventing future attacks in the US homeland. Before going any further it is important to examine the historical background of US intelligence and how it was shaped by global events especially during World War II and the Cold War with the former Union Soviet Socialists Republic of Russia. The discussion will then come in sharp focus to the events surrounding the infamous September 11, 2001 attacks. Background At the turn of the century, the American government, buoyed by the economic progress from the Industrial Age began to rise as a superpower. It was considered by many in the global arena as a force to contend with. Yet it took an unprovoked attack from an Imperial Army of Japan to finally force into everyone’s consciousness that indeed America is both feared and respected. So, one Sunday morning, more than sixty years ago, Hawaii – part of the Union yet situated far away in the Pacific – was mercilessly bombed by Japanese planes. The former President Franklin D. Roosevelt was right in denouncing the surprise attack as a day of infamy. There was no doubt that it was a day of ill repute as America was rudely made aware of their fast rising status. And with it comes enemies who perceive America as a threat or a country guilty of exploiting others. Whatever the perception, the US government will have to defend itself from enemies both foreign and domestic. Intelligence Failure In the aftermath of the Pearl Harbor attack, the U. S. intelligence community was severely criticized for failing to warn the nation of an impending attack from the Japanese aggressors. It was found out late that there was enough intelligence gathered to have alerted the army base there, but it was largely ignored. This is a classic example of intelligence failure and the consequence of which lingers on for a long time. The Pearl Harbor incident was the catalyst that transformed the US Intelligence community. From then on the intelligence gathering capability of the United States of America was forced to improve. And then again, complacency is the predictable effect of success. When America’s chief nemesis the USSR was toppled down, America finds itself in unfamiliar territory, a world where there is no one to challenge and serve as a counter-balance to America’s military superiority. When everything was quiet no one was able to anticipate that it was merely the calm before the storm so to speak. History eerily repeated itself, the infamy of Pearl Harbor was relived again and this time it was not a thousand miles away from the center of America but the enemy struck the economic nerve center of the nation. It was the same cowardly attack that stunned an unprepared government and its people. Predictably, just as it was in Pearl Harbor, there were also a great number of casualties. In spite of the previous changes and improvements, the US Intelligence community was again caught flat footed. Intelligent Work According to Michael Turner intelligence gathering can have a variety of definitions but for the professional it is encapsulated in the following statements: †¦intelligence is a particular kind of information that helps to inform, instruct, and educate the policy world. To consumers of intelligence – the policy makers – intelligence is that and more. To political leaders [†¦] a political liability, depending on whether intelligence information helps or hinders the fulfillment of political goals (2005, p. 3). Intelligence gathering is therefore a tool that helps create certainty in a very uncertain world. It follows therefore that intelligence gathering is not merely the action of collecting data but would also mean the interpretation of the same. This aspect of intelligence gathering requires attention and the neglect of which is the root of many intelligence failures. It is simply not enough to have data but there must also be an equally effective means of interpreting the said information. Adapting to Change For thousands of years the nature of warfare remained constant. Thus, two opposing camps fight it out in the battlefield. There was the effective use of troop movement and the use of military hardware. The commander who can utilize men and resources effectively wins the battle and ultimately the war. But since 9/11 the world has been rudely awakened to a different type of warfare. It is guerilla tactics brought into urban centers and far away from the traditional fields of war. If this is the new face of war then intelligence gathering must also be transformed to adapt to it. Intelligence gathering must now be geared towards an enemy led not by a traditional army but extremists who will fight for a cause that sometimes transcend national boundaries. Rendered Ineffective Aside from the guerilla tactics used by the members of the Al-Qaeda and other terrorist groups another reason for the failure of the US response were the laws that prevented for a more thorough investigation of suspicious characters. The strength of America which is the significant number of civil liberties enjoyed by its citizens became the liability that was exploited by the terrorists. In fact the 9/11 Commission pointed out that there were laws that were enacted to curtail some of the investigative powers of the FBI. According to the 9/11 Commission, â€Å"The FBI was criticized, rightly, for the overzealous domestic intelligence investigations disclosed during the 1970s. The pendulum swung away from those types of investigations during the 1980s and 1990s† (see 9/11 Commission Report). The FBI was then forced to take on kids gloves when treating suspected terrorists. Al-Qaeda on the other hand perceived these new developments as weaknesses they can exploit. Aside from ineffective laws the US Intelligence community has to deal with a host of other problems that includes 1) the improper analysis of information and intelligence; 2) the lack of coordination between government agencies; and 3) the absence of system where law enforcement agencies as well as counter-terror groups can share information. Human Intelligence But the most significant intelligence source with regards to the topic is â€Å"HUMINT† or human intelligence. And the reason is easy to understand – there are a lot of problematic factors related to this type of intelligence. First of all most information gathered through this method can be considered as secondary. There must be a way of processing raw data in order to determine its accuracy. In this regard there is now a move to develop technical and human resources that will be able to fully analyze â€Å"humint† as expounded in the following statements: The very nature of the transnational threat demands that we have analysts with language capabilities and are knowledge to understand local situations in relationship to global, transnational, and international trends and impacts. Analysts need a professional network that transcends territorial borders, and they need to be comfortable turning to local as well as global information (Sands, 2005, p. 75).

High School Dropouts Reflection Essay

I believe the dropout rate is so high because, as stated in the article â€Å"High School Dropouts: Costly to American Economy†, â€Å"the teachers [don’t] care, the students [don’t] care.† I believe that lack of interest on both the student’s and the teacher’s part impacts whether a student might drop out. I also believe that factors like, problems at home, bullying at school, etc., also plays an enormous role on the results stated in the articles. Knowing that one of the main reasons of having a job includes, earning money, it leads me to assume that those who drop out do not want to earn less, or be among the 12% of jobless individuals that do not have a high school diploma. Furthermore, I believe that it is evident that a high number or drop outs implies that there are important factors behind what causes an individual to decide to drop out of high school. Looking at the statistics that dropouts cost taxpayers $8 billion annually, and $300 billion dollars in earnings are lost every year due to the decrease in pay of those who do not have a high school diploma, has led me to believe that our state/federal government should eliminate the option of dropping out of high school. It makes no sense that they have not done so, seeing that they have the right, and it is within their power and right to do so. Also, after seeing the statistic that the incarceration rates were 63 times higher among high school drop outs within the ages of 16 and 24, and in an effort to solve two problems: the number of kids that drop out of high school and kids who are behind bars, I believe there should be a greater effort to achieve mass awareness about the negative effects of dropping out of high school early, the same magnitude as the programs and advertisements on breast cancer, and the effects of smoking cigarettes. This plan, although costly, would in turn decrease the amount of high school dropouts, people behind bars, and jobless individuals in this nation. Presidential Election Reflection I believe that out of the five factors listed in the article, the debates are the most important. I believe the debates are important because it allows you to look at each candidate side by side and hear not only their plan on how they plan on turning the economy around, creating jobs, and leading this country on a path that will allow us to decrease this nation’s debt but also to see each candidate’s tactics on using the opposing opponent words or ideas to bash/ or blatantly state why they are wrong. I also believe it is important because you get to actually hear their own words and beliefs, unrehearsed, without a teleprompter, and without being warped in the game of telephone by social media and propaganda. I think that the presidential debates are more important than the electoral map, because the electoral map for the most part generally stays the same and predictable. The ads and messages used to attack the other candidate, or twist the words of another candidate in my opinion are effective, but very childish, immature, and not anything I would imagine a â€Å"president† taking a part of. Propaganda is a very effective way of spreading a message, and getting everyone’s attention, so it’s also important, although not in the same way as the debates are. In my opinion, money is the second most important part of the presidential race. The amount of money a party raises, shows how much they are supported. In the article, it states that â€Å"the Republican Party presidential committees had about $186 million on hand, compared with about $124 million for Mr. Obama and the Democrats.† This shows how both each candidate is supported. I actually have watched one of the debates, as an extra credit assignment for U.S History, and I thought that the debate was interesting, and I liked how the debate was set up.

Day in the Life of Actress essays

Day in the Life of Actress essays Lights, Camera, and Action. To live a day in the life of an actress is one dream I had growing up. On August 22, 1995, I had the chance to make this dream become a reality. My name was pulled from a drawing to win a trip for two to Los Angeles and see the taping of the sitcom, Baywatch. When the radio station called my house to tell me the news, I began to cry. As I jotted down the details, my hands were shaking because I was in complete shock. In exactly one month, I would be visiting California for the first time. We arrived at Will Rogers State Beach at 8:00am. Erin, one of the producers of Baywatch, greeted my mother and me and gave us our VIP guest passes. As they began filming, standing right in front of me, was David Hasselhoff with a few other cast members. When watching Baywatch from my home television, I saw the cast as beautiful famous people, but actually seeing them perform in real life was outrageous and overwhelming. My mother and I took out our beach blanket and began to watch the filming. Fernando Castroman, the director, then walked over to me. Hey you blonde beach babe, are you an extra? Ah, yes, yes I am, what do I have to do? Go over to the dressing room which is located in that white trailer and Megan will take care of you so that you can be used in the next few scenes. The trailer looked like my bedroom with all the clothes and make-up that was in there. Because I was already in a bathing suit, they told me to wear what I had on because the colors would show up on the camera well. The only thing that needed to be done was powder to my face to decrease the shine. You are all set to go on Heather. You are now a Baywatch girl so go back and see Fernando, I think he wanted you for the next scene. In the first scene my job was to walk along the beach shores with anot...

Free Essays on Les Miserables

Les Miserables Victor Hugo’s most celebrated novel â€Å"Les Miserables.† takes place in 19th century Europe after the French Revolution. It was released in 1862 after taking over twenty years to write. The main character is Jean Valjean who is imprisoned after stealing a loaf of bread. He is finally released after nineteen years in prison and quickly learns the hardships of a convict released into society. No one will hire him or trust him and he is even refused a room in Digne. The gracious Bishop of Digne, M. Myriel, offers him food and lodging for the night. Valjean accepts and after eating his fill he goes to bed only to awake during the night and steal the Bishop’s silver. He is quickly apprehended and brought back to the Bishop. Valjean thinks he is about to go back to prison but M. Myriel tells the soldiers that he gave Valjean the silver as a gift. In return, M. Myriel makes Valjean promise to change his ways and become an honest man. The Bishop’s actio n touches the heart of Valjean and he pledges to become successful and give back to the community. Posing as "M. Madeleine," Valjean becomes the mayor of Montreuil-sur-mer, bringing prosperity to the entire region and acquiring a widespread reputation for his charity and devotion to the poor. Javert, the local police inspector due to suspicious intution keeps his eye on Valjean. Valjean owns a factory where the majority Even though the local police inspector, Javert, is suspicious of him, Valjean intervenes in the arrest of a prostitute named Fantine. Before selling her body, she had sold her hair and two front teeth in order to support her daughter, Cosette, whom she left at the Thà ©nardier tavern. She first rejects Valjean's offer to help her retrieve Cosette, spitting in his face because she thinks he was responsible for her being fired from his factory. He insists that he wants to help, but before he can, a serious moral dilemma causes him to leave town. A ... Free Essays on Les Miserables Free Essays on Les Miserables Les Miserables Victor Hugo’s most celebrated novel â€Å"Les Miserables.† takes place in 19th century Europe after the French Revolution. It was released in 1862 after taking over twenty years to write. The main character is Jean Valjean who is imprisoned after stealing a loaf of bread. He is finally released after nineteen years in prison and quickly learns the hardships of a convict released into society. No one will hire him or trust him and he is even refused a room in Digne. The gracious Bishop of Digne, M. Myriel, offers him food and lodging for the night. Valjean accepts and after eating his fill he goes to bed only to awake during the night and steal the Bishop’s silver. He is quickly apprehended and brought back to the Bishop. Valjean thinks he is about to go back to prison but M. Myriel tells the soldiers that he gave Valjean the silver as a gift. In return, M. Myriel makes Valjean promise to change his ways and become an honest man. The Bishop’s actio n touches the heart of Valjean and he pledges to become successful and give back to the community. Posing as "M. Madeleine," Valjean becomes the mayor of Montreuil-sur-mer, bringing prosperity to the entire region and acquiring a widespread reputation for his charity and devotion to the poor. Javert, the local police inspector due to suspicious intution keeps his eye on Valjean. Valjean owns a factory where the majority Even though the local police inspector, Javert, is suspicious of him, Valjean intervenes in the arrest of a prostitute named Fantine. Before selling her body, she had sold her hair and two front teeth in order to support her daughter, Cosette, whom she left at the Thà ©nardier tavern. She first rejects Valjean's offer to help her retrieve Cosette, spitting in his face because she thinks he was responsible for her being fired from his factory. He insists that he wants to help, but before he can, a serious moral dilemma causes him to leave town. A ... Free Essays on Les Miserables Les Miserables By Victor Hugo Human injustice. The lifelong struggles of one man – Jean Valjean – and the people whose lives were affected by him. This complex story, with multiple ties in amongst itself, is Les Miserables. Jean Valjean was sent to the Toulon prison in France for stealing a loaf of bread to feed his sister’s family. He attempted to escape from prison five times, which led to a 19-year sentence, and had finally been discharged. In prison, he became bitter at mankind and left it convinced that he was a condemned man. Because of his convict status, he had a hard time trying to find food and shelter in the town of Digne, France. Finally, an old woman directed him to a house adjoining a church, where Monseigneur Bienvenu resided. Monseigneur Bienvenu was a bishop, and his kindness had earned him a reputation in the community. The only luxury items that he had in the house were some fine silver plates and candleholders, which he did not keep locked up. Valjean stole the candleholders in the middle of the night, and Monseigneur Bienvenu concluded that Valjean needed them more than he did. When Valjean was caught in the morning and brought to Monseigneur Bienvenu, he explained that he had given Valjean the candleholders, but he had forgotten the plates. This selfless act started a transformation in Valjean, and turned him into an honest man. He moves to a town called â€Å"M-sur-m† and invents a popular glass trinket (called â€Å"jet work†) that supplies jobs for the town. He, under the name of Madeleine does a lot for the town by the way of selfless deeds, and is eventually dubbed mayor. He even rescues a man who was pinned underneath his cart, and was adored by the town. In 1817, a student named Fantine falls madly in love with a boy named Tholomyes. She was heartbroken when he left her because she was pregnant with his child. After 2 years of caring for her daughter Cosette, she succumbs to the ... Free Essays on Les Miserables Book Review for Les Misà ©rables, by: Victor Hugo â€Å"The book, Les Misà ©rables by Victor Hugo is a book of undeniable passion, a love of humanity, and freedom for one’s country. It celebrates, an amazing epic scale, the life of the poor people, the working class, and the condemned. It tells the story of an extraordinary fight for independence and happiness. And all of this is told through the classic words by Victor Hugo, whose style is a little self-conscious at times but none the less full of descriptive detail and eloquent writing. I believe the thesis is well written, because it pinpoints Hugo’s main theme of the novel. A strong point in the novel is Hugo’s point of view. Not only does the book tell a fascinating and riveting story but Les Miserables is like a historical document of the rather miserable times of the 1800’s in France. It seemed to be a strange, rough, and uncertain time and the book fully exhibits this feeling. It was a time of revolution and new ideas, and Les Miserables is a book about a story surrounded by this revolutionary time. It fully engrosses the reader into a world of poverty, royal and wealthy snobbery, social changes, violence, and passionate romance. Les Miserables is truly an imaginative and truthful piece of masterful writing. A negative impact the novel could have on the reader is its length. In Les Misà ©rables, some of the parts are drawn out more than they should be. A character Hugo could have written less about was Marius. His personal life, had little to do with the main conflict of the Revolution and may bore readers more than accolade the novel. This is a quote from Les Miserables, when the author is developing the character profile of Marius. This is a note written by Marius’s father, who was disowned by his own father. And then found by Marius’s grandfather. â€Å"For my son. The emperor made me a baron upon the battlefield of Waterloo. Since the restor...

Cultural Homogenization and the Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cultural Homogenization and the Internet - Essay Example Homogenization means being similar and parallel to the other thing. The term cultural homogenization is a relatively new term as it has evolved recently. The world we live in today is becoming more of a global village. This means that with the ever changing technology, it is shrinking as means of communication with each other, no matter how far apart, are becoming faster than ever before. Cultural homogenization is the blending of cultures as they become more related to each other and their uniqueness is being reduced. We are going towards forming a more global culture as new traditions, ideas, and values will be formed which align in a better way with the global arena of today. Another unique point of this new culture will be that, unlike the old individual cultures, this global culture will dominate many societies and might even be recognized as the super culture. Internet is a worldwide connection of computers that allows man to communicate with each other more faster and has crea ted many changes in the society. It was developed in the 1960’s but it gained popularity and momentum in the 1990’s when the worldwide web was developed. After that there was an explosion of people who were ready for the vast world that was opened to them. Now people could access information about anything and any part of the world. It allowed for the advancement, exploration, and the quenching of the thirst for knowledge for scientists, researchers and people across the globe. Some of the effects that the internet has had on the global culture are that now different countries are able to advance, as getting education is much easier and faster because of the advancements in technology. It has been discovered that internet is used more for education rather than for entertainment purposes. Therefore, when people have more education the country is able to progress at a rapid rate. The internet has affected the global culture in a way that marketing and sales transactions are easier. The marketers have new ways and methods for advertising their products without any geographical limitations. They post anything on the internet and within seconds, the entire world is able to look at it. This leads to a growth in businesses and ultimately to the growth of economies around the world. Now businesses can run on the internet solely and worldwide organizations are able to advance. One advantage that the internet has provided to the people across the world is that they can study the cultures, which are different from theirs. Prior to this, the people either had to travel all the way to the place to find out the culture or had to read a book. With internet, this can be done merely in seconds and people can get knowledge about the culture of a certain country before going there or before conducting business transactions with the people of that country. This will give them information on the cultural sensitivities so that they do not offend anyone by mistake. Wit h all these advancements taking place and people regularly getting similar information, a global view of the world is being formed in which people around the globe have a similar perspective on the different aspects of life, for instance, people’s acceptance to greater diversity. This happens when people like the culture of a different country and out of their own

Discrete Math Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discrete Math Project - Essay Example ed on the multiplication of the Leslie Matrix and the Population vector, institutions managing wildlife are able to project the population of a particular species to determine the translocations and reintroductions, for example, the population growth of helmeted honeyeater in Australia. Additionally, the model projects male and female components of the spices population where g age-specific data for female and male species are available (Webpages.uidaho.edu). The Leslie Matrix model is also applied in calculating age-specific survival and fecundity that determine the reproductive value from a specific multi-year census. Consequently, the model is important to the wildlife management’s population viability analysis (PVA), which is used to determine the threats or risks to a specific species in the wildlife. Using the equation, t+1= ÃŽ » t where ÃŽ » is replaced with the age-specific survival and fecundity rates, the institutions managing wildlife are able to determine survival and reproductive value for each species (Webpages.uidaho.edu). The model is further applied in wildlife management in the control of invasive species where the survival and reproductive value is low for a specific

Sustainable Operation Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sustainable Operation Management - Assignment Example According to Appleby (2013) this basically not only deal with supply chain and the introduction of raw materials but also the wider development and design of processes as well as waste disposal, this also deals with the incorporation of lifecycle analysis focused on ensuring that sustainability efforts is inclusive in all the processes (Appleby 2013). Sustainable practices within organizations must be developed to ensure the reduction of carbon footprint throughout the specific targeted processes in the organization. Sustainable operations management is evident in many in order to achieve the desired outcome. REFILLING WATER IN SWIMMING POOL IN SPORT HALL Sport swimming pools sometimes need to be completely drained and then refilled. Pre-balanced water is usually needed to be refilled directly into the empty pool. It is important to identify effective and efficient process of refilling and maintaining the swimming pool to meet the set standards for sports. Therefore preventive swimmi ng pool practices should be adopted in this process in order to save time as well as costs. Boosting the efficiency of the sports swimming pool is very important in reducing the underlying carbon footprint facilitating achieving sustainable lifestyle (Finkbeiner 2009). The process of refilling the sports swimming pool to achieve sustainability there has to be energy conservation, water and the chemicals at the pool. Increased carbon footprint at the pool leads to a great dent on the environment. An overview of sustainable operations management concerning swimming pool water refilling is to facilitate environmentally labeled â€Å"Green Home† swimming pool more concern put on pool evaporation, reduced carbon footprint and long term sustainability (Finkbeiner 2009). The following is the processes that are followed to achieve sustainable operations management in refilling water in swimming pool. Cleaning the swimming pool This is mainly the first step after the pool has been dri ed out. The surface composition needs to be determined. These basic procedures enhance efficiency and save a lot of time. Deck and cover cleaning is a common method which facilitates removal of debris and spa deck. A quick sweep facilitates removal of debris near the swimming pool. In conducting this process care should be taken to avoid abrasive surfaces while dragging the cover off the pool. Surface skimming is applied in removing dirt floating on the surface. It is remembered to empty skimming debris into the lawn so that it does not blowback into the pool when it dries up. Tile brush and tile soap to clean the tiles and this is done below and above the waterline. It is notable that evaporation and refilling of the swimming pool usually changes the waterline. Brushing is the most efficient way of removing algae from the surfaces and directing the dirt to the main drain so that it can be sucked in the filter (Appleby 2013). It is important to clean the filter and run fresh water i n the circulation system to purge away all the dirt from the lines. The general effective and efficient process in carryout this is to drain, clean and to refill the swimming pool. Refilling the swimming pool The pool is filled direct in the sunlight in cases where it is filled above the ground. The direct sunlight facilitates stretching of the liner as the pools fills. The spigot is turned on

The American West and Its Disappearing Water Essay Example for Free

The American West and Its Disappearing Water Essay The author outlined the geography of the semi-arid region of the West. According to him, although the West have rivers and large basins of water, the erratic nature of the landscape as well as the orientation of water flows cannot sustain large numbers of people. The convex nature of the river system allows only a minute flow of water into potential settlements and farms. People living in California, Arizona, and Idaho faced perennial shortages of water. These perennial shortages are due perhaps to the relative orientation of the settlements along river banks. Usually, the flow of water was downward, rather than upwards. The implication: there is relatively shortage of water to sustain irrigation-based agriculture. One can easily see the geographical distribution of people in the West prior to the 1900s. Most people preferred settling in either north of Arizona or West of California. In less than a century though, people began to transform the landscape of the West. Dams were built to provide irrigation and potable water to households and farms. The landscape of the West became a semitropical region (this is though misleading – only a significant area of the West was turned into ‘almost’ semitropical areas). As a result, settlements flourished. The area allocated to farming increased significantly. In essence, the attempt of the people to end the scarcity of water in the West became an attempt to change the orientation of the environment. The collective action of the people was not without political or economic support. Various legislations were enacted to increase water shortage funding. The state governments, with the support of some private individuals, allocated higher budget for constructing dams and modern irrigation facilities. All these efforts were made to neutralize the relative scarcity of water in the region. Environmental History of the West The first chapters of the book deals with the environmental history of the West From the 16th to the 17th century, the Spaniards attempted to colonize regions above California. Most of the expeditions sent by the Viceroy of Mexico failed because of scarcity of water in the region. The attempts of Spanish soldiers to divert water from rivers were futile. The same case can be said when the Americans arrived. The retreating of the desert forced many inhabitants to increase the supply of water from the rivers to households and farms. The relative demand of water by the settlers provoked what Reisner called ‘little imperialism. ’ The officials of the developing urban center (with the support of the population) manipulated the ‘common folks’ of the countryside to secure an efficient supply of water from the Owens Valley. In a sense, Los Angeles stole the Owens River for its own development. This generally led to the decline of the Owens Valley. The continuous use of the river caused perennial inflows which generally reduced the amount of water entering Los Angeles. The stealing of the Owens River was not without political support. The state government promoted homesteading to ensure maximum usage of the river. It sold public lands for settlement and irrigation-based agriculture. When the supply of water from the river withered, the state government ordered a general reversal of its reclamation policy. When the government saw the disastrous effects of its reversal, it implemented a new reclamation scheme. This time, only rich individuals were able to avail of the project. Newcomers and even those living near the Owens River were not able to avail of the project. In short, only some individuals were able to benefit from the project. Dependence on Dams and Aqueducts Most cities and urban centers depended much on dams and aqueducts. Dams provided electricity to the growing industrial and manufacturing sectors of the West. Although aqueducts were few, those constructed were efficiently used. After the Great Depression, the federal government launched several water-based projects. In the West, about 250 000 dams were constructed, of which several thousands were of obvious economic importance. The Role of the Federal Government The role of the federal government was evident. The federal government distributed large mount of capital to local, municipal, and even state governments for dam buildings and other related constructions. The political machinery of the federal government was intended to shove the disastrous effects of water shortage in developing urban centers, at the cost of the environment. A new class of people, the irrigation and dam engineers, gained enormous technical power. Most of their advices were followed by both the federal and state governments to the letter. The emphasis, of course, of these technical advices was on the economic importance of the building projects. There was little regard for the welfare of the environment. History of the Colorado River Basin Then came the history of the Colorado River Basin. It deals primarily with one fateful man-made structure, the Colorado River Basin. For many environmentalists, the project was powerful ‘sin against nature. ’ For the economic liberals in both government and the chambers of commerce, the project was an approximation of the ideal. The real effect though of the project could be best understood on the individual level. Because of the Colorado River Basin, agriculture in the West was heavily subsidized by the government. This created a general distortion in the prices of agricultural goods. Prices of agricultural goods in the West were substantially lower than the prices of the same commodities produced in the East. The general subsidy program of the government only hastened the urbanization of the West, which eventually resulted to further degradation of the river system. The New Deal: A New Chapter on Environmental Degradation Most of the policies implemented in the West focused on water-based projects. The projects implemented during FDR presidency in the West were politically motivated. The water-based projects were implemented to increase the mineral supply of the United States. This mineral supply was vital to the growing manufacturing industry in urban centers. With the outbreak of the Second World War, these projects doubled the supply of aluminum available to the armaments industry. Dams provided the necessary hydroelectric power to run the armaments industry. The damage to the environment was unprecented. To increase the supply of aluminum, mountains had to be ripped off. To power the armaments industry, additional dams would have to be built or those already existing over capacitated. Here again the theme of environmental exploitation is presented, although in a different condition. The demands of the war dominated the demands for a more responsible management of the environment. The Army Corps of Engineers vs. the Bureau of Reclamation After the war, the Army Corps of Engineers was tasked to build water projects around several rivers. The relative obsession of the Engineer Corps on efficiency shortened the life spans of river and outlet flows. Although the short term value of those projects could not be denied, its long term effects were generally disastrous. The author argued that only after 10 years (since the construction of those projects), their marginal value declined sharply. The Army Corps of Engineers clashed with the Bureau of Reclamation over the implementation of the Reclamation Act of 1902. This act gave the federal government the funding for constructing irrigation projects in semi-arid regions. The Corps of Engineers insisted that it was part of their duty to implement the said act. The Bureau of Reclamation reacted quickly, passing an implementing order to all its sub-agencies in California and Arizona. Chapters 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 are generally an outline of the major steps undertaken by various presidents and NGOs to prevent further environmental degradation of the Arizona river system. Here, the author outlined the positive effects of restoring the environmental value of the river systems without due reference to its economic implications. According to the author, only political motivation can only save the remnants of the river system. This political motivation though is hard to achieve as the economic importance of the river system continue to dominate the minds of politicians. Environmentalist Tone of the Book The tone of the author’s environmentalist leaning can be found in the first pages of the book. It reads: a lot of emptiness amid a civilization whose success was achieved on the pretension that natural obstacles do not exist Thanks to irrigation, thanks to the Bureau [of Reclamation] states such as California, Arizona, and Idaho became populous and wealthy; millions settled in regions where nature, left alone, would have countenanced thousands at best what has it all amounted to? not all that much. Most of the West is still untrammeled, unirrigated, depopulate in the extreme Opposition against building of water-based projects increased considerably during the Nixon and Carter administration. Carter supported the move because it was part of his government platform. In any case, the building of water-based projects in the West fell by about 85%. Major Arguments in the Book Here are some of the major arguments of the author in the book: 1) The intrinsic value of the environment is more important than its perceived economic value. The economic value of an important resource would tend to decrease as more and more of its utility is consumed; 2) Environmental degradation is correlated with the level of economic usage of a particular environmental resource. Relying from historical sources, the author argued that economic usage of a particular resource is inversely related to sustainability. An optimum level of usage can only be achieved if an optimum level of degradation is achieved; 3) And, political motivation is both a key in environment degradation and environment protection. This proposition is evident in the book. The degradation of the Owens River and the Colorado Water Basin was politically motivated. Equally speaking, the solutions proposed by the Carter administration to relieve environmental protection were effective, and thus, are under the nexus of political motivation. Analysis Analysis Many of the author’s arguments are generally full of unnecessary fallacies. At some point, he argued that the ultimate cause of environmental degradation was faulty political policies. At some other point, he argued that the massive ‘excessiveness’ of the urban centers was the sole cause of increased environmental degradation of the river system. The contradictory nature of these two statements is obvious and unrelenting. It can also be said that most of the author’s arguments lack verifiable evidences. Historical evidences cannot be translated into verifiable evidences because of the static nature of the former. Multiple references to sources are a necessity in verifying historical claims. Conclusion Much of the author’s arguments need more authentic verification. The historical proofs provided by the author were either devoid of associated empirical facts or simply lacking in credibility. For example, the term ‘political motivation’ has multiple meanings in the book, but the author failed to clarify it. Reference Reisner, Marc. 1993. Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water. New York: Penguin Books.

A Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay: The Perspective of Theseus

A Midsummer Night's Dream:  The Perspective of Theseus  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In his play, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Shakespeare clearly establishes the feelings of Theseus with respect to love and reason.   Theseus distrusts the nature of love and its effect on people as he states in the following passage: I never may believe these antic fables or these fairy toys. Lovers and madmen have such seething brains, Such shaping fantasies, that apprehend More than cool reason ever comprehends. The lunatic, the lover, and the poet Are of imagination all compact. One sees more devils than vast hell can hold: That is the madman. The lover, all as frantic Sees Helen's beauty in a brow of Egypt. The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven; And as imagination bodies forth The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing A local habitation and a name. Such tricks hath strong imagination That, if it would but apprehend some joy, It comprehends some bringer of that joy; Or in the night, imagining some fear, How easy is a bush supposed a bear (V, i, 3-22)!    Theseus expresses his doubt in the verisimilitude of the lover's recount of their night in the forest. He says that he has no faith in the ravings of lovers or poets, as they are as likely as madmen are to be divorced from reason. Coming, as it does, after the resolution of the lovers' dilemma, this monologue serves to dismiss most of the play a hallucinatory imaginings. Theseus is the voice of reason and authority, but he bows ... ...rs† (V, I, 28-30! Instead of â€Å"Go and fresh days of love accompany your hearts!† (V, I, 28-30) 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Your first paragraph seems to be your first point instead of your introduction.   Your first sentence also appears to be your thesis statement.   Your introduction should incorporate all of the points of your paper.   You are introducing all of them.   So, lengthen your introduction and then for your thesis statement you need to list all of the points that you discuss. In his play, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Shakespeare clearly establishes the feelings of Theseus with respect to love, reason. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When quoting lengthy passages from a Shakespearean play or a poem, you should keep the line formation.   Begin a new line when the author of the passage begins a new line.         

How typical is England to Her Sons Essay

How typical is â€Å"England to Her Sons† of the poems in this section of the anthology. Happy is England in the brave that die. This is a line from â€Å"Happy is England now†. In my opinion it sums up the section as a whole because it is stating that the people of England wanted the soldiers to fight and they respect the sacrifices the men have made. The whole section revolves about the acknowledgment of the deaths of the soldiers and also the acceptance of it. Personification is used in England to her Sons and Happy is England Now about England itself. It conjures u a motherly and maternal image of the Motherland towards the soldiers going out to fight. Moreover, it unites England and makes it seem everyone had a positive attitude towards the war when it is mentioned that â€Å"happy is England now as never yet†, which implies that the whole of England is proud and glad that the soldiers are going to war. Happy is England Now projects a very strong and patriotic message of making sacrifices and protecting this picturesque England with â€Å"her hills, rivers and her chafing sea†. It uses natural imagery to stir up a desire to protect the land where these soldiers were born and raised. Moreover, a sense of experiencing this â€Å"Happy England† caused by the sacrifice of war, is created by the intensified senses created in the last stanza where birds â€Å"sing the sweeter in our English ears† and nobleness that â€Å"shines the purer† in their English hearts. It would have created a longing for people to be part of this wonderful land, and therefore they would have wanted to have protected it. Symbolism also has a large presence in these poems and it gives the poems depth and more complexity. England to her Sons uses symbolism to create a sense of ownership of the soldiers, â€Å"Sons of mine I hear you thrilling† and it is also implied that she â€Å"bore† the children† which the Motherland then sends to war. In Fourth of August, the symbolism is used to make the soldiers seem very young and naive, â€Å"Spirit of England, ardent eyed† which makes the soldiers seem very keen and apprehensive, but also innocent and defenceless. Finally, symbolism is used to create a religious link between the War and the â€Å"destroying dragon† which Saint George, who represents England and her Soldiers, slays to protect his people. The soldiers in this section are made heroes for being martyrs. This is shown especially in Fourth of August on the last two lines, â€Å"We step from the days of sour division into the grandeur of our fate†, which shows that the soldiers and people believed that it was a good thing to die for ones country. This is also emphasised again in England to her Sons, where it creates a great sense for the soldiers and England, as they accept the death of their â€Å"sons†, â€Å"save a little space to weep†. â€Å"And the worst friend and enemy is but Death†, is a reference to Peace, and it just emphasises that even though â€Å"Death† reaps them of their lives, it also enables them to come closer with their Maker, God. Overall, England to her Sons represent this section of the anthology very well, because it includes everything that this section is trying to convey to the reader. It shows the sacrifice of England and the soldiers who give their life, and it projects the religious message of God, who will send them to heaven for their good deeds. Moreover it glorifies death by using euphemism, â€Å"And if He in wisdom giveth Unto His beloved sleep†, to acquire an acceptance of the soldiers. Lastly, it also shows the undoubting faith that the people of England had at that time, as they all believed that God would protect them and guide them to winning the War.

Practical Application of Statistics in Nursing Essay

Statistics is a fundamental part of human knowledge. It is known to be the exact science of collection, interpretation, analysis and presentation of data. It is a mathematical science that gathers and explains causal phenomenon or relationship, analyzes and presents measurements, collects and analyzes information base on factual sources and presents data as accurate as possible. As Fowler, Chevannes and Jarvis (2002) put it, â€Å"Statistics looks at ways of organizing, summarizing and describing quantifiable data, and methods of drawing inferences and generalizing upon them† (p. 1). The application of statistics in nursing curriculum is important because nurses, like other medical professionals, deal with a variety of information that needs statistical treatment of the data. For example, on their everyday encounter with patients, nurses need to apply statistics to calculate the average number of patients examined per day, week, month or year. Measuring the average number of patient examination would enable nurses to predict as to what month health consultation is at its peak. Without knowledge in statistics, nurses would be clueless on what to expect during the incoming month or season. Another example, when giving medicine to the patient, nurses must be able to determine the time interval when a patient should take the prescribed medicine. Nurses, too, must be able to identify what percentage of the admitted patients are carriers of transferable diseases, victims of chronic diseases and others. Moreover, application of statistics such as econometric statistical techniques is helpful in analyzing the cause-effect relationships of diseases and the severity of diseases through correlation and regression principles. History of Statistics Application in Nursing  The demand for statistical literacy among nurses was brought by the growing importance of nursing researches which started on Florence Nightingale’s â€Å"Notes of Nursing† published in 1859. Nightingale was able to describe the factors that affected the performance of soldiers who were involved in the Crimean war. She was able to determine that other illness contracted off the field of war and caused unattended wounds. Nightingale’s notes then became the basis for a review of what and how much amount of care the soldiers should receive (Lipsey, 1993). Following Nightingale’s notes, nursing research became an important part of the nursing curriculum which led to the establishment of the American Journal of Nursing. This journal started to publish nursing research studies as early as 1930s. In 1970s, the focus of research was on the investigation of nursing practice and the outcomes of nursing. This required an in-depth knowledge of research design and statistical methods where clinical problems and issues related to nursing practices were subject to investigation. Uses of Statistics in Nursing In evaluating the use of statistics in nursing, Fowler, Chevannes and Jarvis (2002) identified two reasons why nurses need to be statistically equipped. One of the reason is that statistical literacy is required if nurses are to read and evaluate critical and intelligent data, reports and other literature related to managing health care. Another reason is that knowledge in statistics would help nurses whenever they would decide to undertake an investigation that includes the collection, processing, interpretation and analysis of data and reports on their own account. However, statistics have limitations; it does not prove anything, instead it presents the likelihood of the things to happen based on the result of an investigation (Fowler, Chevannes and Jarvis, 2002). Statistics and the Health Care Investigation Health Care investigation generally involves a five-stage process: 1) identifying the problems and objective; 2) planning; 3) collection of data; 4) interpretation and analysis of the data; and 5) presenting and reporting the result of investigation. In doing health care investigation, the following methodologies are usually utilized: sample survey, clinical trials and epidemiological studies. Usually, getting a sample population is needed to conduct such methodology. In statistics, population means a group or collection of individuals who are the subject of investigation. Variables entails the different characteristics of individuals such as age, weight, height, number of heart beat, manifestation of symptoms and economic status which relate to the health condition of individual. Since it is hard to get all the population to be involved in health care investigation, nurses may use smaller groups or sub-set who will represent the group as a whole. This group is known as sample. Each individual or unit in the sample can provide a data like measurement. This record is called an observation (Fowler, Chevannes and Jarvis, 2002). For example, the nurse wanted to find out whether Generation Y babies (which is the sample unit) are malnourished or just on average weight. The nurse must first identify the duration of the investigation, number of babies to be investigated, and the age and gender of the infants. This would be the variables. Observations would be based on the measurement of each sample infant included in the health investigation. Explanatory Nursing Studies and Inferential Statistics Researches which aim to explain the elucidate the relationship among the variables are more complex than other descriptive studies. Lines of inquiry for this study are often based on establishing theories from other research literature. Example of questions could be: Are people born with mental disease more likely to survive Post Traumatic Syndrome Disorder than people with chronic diseases? Are chronically ill patients more likely to improved under the care of nursing home than on the care of their family? In explanatory study, are not being investigated based on the cause-effect relationship rather it attempt to understand how the given variables are related to each other. Thus, inferential statistics are utilized to analyze or explanatory elucidate the relationship of the variables (Plichta and Garzon, 2009). Prediction and Control Nursing Studies and Statistics Statistics, like medicine, is also an important tool to prevent and control diseases. In prediction and control studies, nurses aim to determine which variables are able to determine causality and are predictive. Such studies are usually quasi-experimental whereas the researcher is bound to introduce an intervention. Experimental designs involve random selection, an intervention, two different groups – one group that receive an intervention and another group that do not receive an intervention – and random assignment of the study participants to either the intervention or the control group. Like explanatory studies, prediction and control studies uses inferential statistics to examine the data and provide answer to the research questions (Plichta and Garzon, 2009). The Statistical Analysis of Health Data  Without the use of statistics, it will be hard to identify which diseases or ill conditions are critical or not. On any instance, medical professionals, particularly the nurses, rely on the result of clinically proven studies on attending to the needs of their patients. Nurses need not only rely on doctor’s order but also they need to be well equipped when dealing with patients. Most of the time, nurses are the primary person who attend to emergency situation. Thus, they should also be knowledgeable in analyzing their patients’ condition based on the medical variables related on the illness or disease being experienced by the patient. However, there are studies with similar topic but posses different results. For example, there are studies that prove the effectiveness of applying chemotherapy to cancer patients. On the other hand, there are studies that show how doctors negatively react on the use of chemotherapy to cure cancer patients. For nurses to avoid being trapped on ethical dilemmas, they must know how to critically analyze those studies that are of their concern, particularly those with statistical measurements. Research studies with statistical analysis of the data usually undertake three stages. First, the data should be cleaned. By cleaning the data, it means that all the variables in the study must have valid and usable values. Running frequencies and examining these frequencies must be done for the researcher to be able to identify the valid values, the amount of missing data and the adequate variability. Nurses, when reading and analyzing such data, must also be able to examine the frequencies used by medical researchers. They should be able to identify the missing data and the validity of the values presented in the studies. The second step in statistical analysis is describing the sample. Here, the researcher employs descriptive statistics with a table that displays the sample’s characteristics are presented. For example, the medical researcher uses a graph, a chart or a table to present the sociodemographic characteristics (e. g. age, weight, height and gender) of the sample patients. Such description enables not only the medical professionals but also the common people to understand the sample population involved in the study. Moreover, in describing the statistical analysis, the key dependent and independent variables are given enough presentation. Nurses must be able to categorize which variables are independent and which are dependent. The last step in statistical analysis of health data is to be able to identify the list of inferential statistics that will be used to test the hypotheses. Application of inferential statistics depends on the research design, size of the sample and the distribution of variables (normal vs. non-normal), scale measurement of the variables (ratio, nominal, interval, ordinal) in the hypothesis and the type of comparison that needs to be made. It is also important to note that for small sample population and for variables which are not normally distributed, nonparametric statistics are used while for large sample population and for normally distributed variables, parametric statistics are utilized (Polit, 1996). In order to not to be deceived by the validity of the hypothesis presented by medical professionals, nurses must be knowledgeable on the application of statistics and its variation. Generally, nurses of today’s generation must be well statistically equipped. They should be able to distinguish which studies are applicable on their field of practice and on the nature of their workplace or community. Not all nurses are working with advanced health facilities thus they should be able to manually learn the basic principles of statistics which will be helpful on every part of their duty – from giving medicine to their patient to reporting the results of treatment, generating research studies, predicting and controlling diseases and applying the fundamental results of valid health studies. Without knowledge in statistics, nurses would fail to give enough care and treatment needed by the patient. Moreover, without knowledge in statistics, nurses, who works directly and personally with their patients, would fail to understand the different conditions being experienced by the patients. With the aid of statistics, nurses would be able to contribute to the growing number of medical researches particularly those which relate to the vocation of nursing.